Pedestrian Villages
are the most important all around solution for a vast range of social,
health, economic, and military problems. Many of these problems are quality
of life issues and include sprawl, increasing traffic, environmental degradation,
obesity, urban ugliness, inefficient and expensive public transportation,
oil-dependency, the foreign trade imbalance, and crime.
The important determinant
in the degradation of our cities and surrounding countryside is the role
of the automobile. Americans spend twice their gross domestic product
as Europeans for transportation, but the hidden cost to society is immeasurable.
In the U.S. alone, twenty-seven million motor vehicles are crashed every
year, resulting in forty-two thousand deaths and five million injuries.
An automobile-dominated lifestyle has increased the cost of living, polluted
the environment and raised the cost of health care. On a single health-related
issue—obesity—our country is in deep crisis. Two-thirds of
Americans are overweight or obese, resulting in 300,000 deaths from related
complications. A major factor in weight gain is we do not walk enough
because we drive everywhere. With a hostile urban walking environment,
a deepening cycle of inactivity eventually results in most people getting
far too little casual daily exercise from walking. Half of us spend $33
billion a year trying to lose weight or keep it off. This amount of money
could build 165,000 homes a year in Pedestrian Villages, costing on average
$200,000 each, and resulting in new housing for over 400,000 people.
The negative effect
on aesthetics and the livability of the cities has also been severe. Our
last three major wars, and most terrorist acts against our nation are
linked to our dependency on the oil we use to power our automobiles. Worsening
traffic jams, an immensely costly highway infrastructure, vast parking
lots burning in the hot sun, hideous architecture, and various forms of
pollution are only the most obvious effects. The automobile has created
the illusion that people are free to live or go anywhere they want, anytime
they want. But the reality is that this freedom comes at a price that
we cannot afford and “anywhere” is beginning to look like
everywhere.
Although automobiles
will not disappear for the conceivable future, some of the problems related
to them could be mitigated. Cars could become much lighter and safer due
to technological innovation. Vehicles, as well as homes, could be powered
by fuel cells supplied with solar-produced hydrogen that leaves only pure
water as its byproduct. This shift in fuel source would eliminate dependency
on foreign oil and mitigate most of the pollution-related problems. An
enlightened energy policy, powered by a national directive, could create
an independent and sustainable energy source within a decade. But even
with the switch to hydrogen there are still many automobile-related problems
that remain to be solved.
During the last twenty-five
years town planners and urban designers have been studying these problems
and trying to come up with ways to make our cities livable. “New
Urbanism” and “Smart Growth” are two of the best-known
labels for new ideas that are basically a return to some of the old ways
of doing things. There is a renewed interest in preserving significant
buildings or neighborhoods from the past. Many new buildings and homes
are being constructed in more traditional styles, or at least with more
attention to design. Narrower streets calm traffic in residential areas
while space on the side is provided for street trees, sidewalks, and bike
lanes. Many new developments are built with greater density so that amenities
can be provided within walking or biking distance. Alleyways are being
added so that garages, utilities, and garbage collection can be better
concealed. Utilities are underground. Parking lots are being landscaped
and hidden behind buildings. Public transportation is being improved.
Natural features are being preserved or augmented so that they can be
enjoyed. New towns in Florida, such as Seaside, Rosemary Beach, and Celebration
are being built that reflect these new principles. While this is all well
and good, and a vast improvement over post WWII sprawl development, there
are still improvements that could be made with Pedestrian Villages:
- Formal, tree-lined
pedestrian lanes, 12’ to 15’ wide, that connect to plazas,
amenities, water features, and a neighborhood or village center. These
lanes are texture coded. They have a smooth portion for rolling conveyances
(bicycles, Segways, wheelchairs, skates, etc) and a textured portion
for pedestrians.
- Cars and motorcycles
are only allowed at the rear of all houses and businesses, on attractive,
tree-lined streets with sidewalks.
- Carriage houses
are encouraged on the rear street, for aesthetics and lower-cost housing.
- Solar energy,
where feasible, both on rooftops, and in solar parks.
- Public transit
need only connect one village center to another, with stops in-between.
- Village centers
have higher density housing, and a wide range of businesses, offices,
and attractions including water features (e.g. beach, public pool,
river-front and/or man-made lake.
Pedestrian lanes are
linear parks that connect all the homes to each other and to the village
center. Some of the pedestrian lanes have landscaped strips or forest
on either side, especially where large trees must be preserved. Motor
vehicles are equally provided for on attractive tree-lined streets that
service the homes from the rear. Trashcans are accessed directly from
their enclosures and never seen on the street. Rear-loading garages back
up to the kitchen or pantry area, or are connected with breezeways to
the kitchen area. Every house has a fenced garden with a garden gate at
the rear where visitors arriving by automobile may call. There is also
the option available to create a carriage house by putting an apartment
over the garage. The entire development is built to encourage walking
and biking, and reduce automobile usage. The average suburban household
generates ten to twelve automobile trips per day. In a Pedestrian Village,
this figure is cut dramatically as residents would feel comfortable moving
about on pleasant, shaded lanes for dining out, recreation, visiting neighbors,
or just taking a walk or bike ride. If all new housing developments were
built as Pedestrian Villages, with thoughtful consideration of how the
town merges with the countryside, the word “development” would
cease to be an obscenity.
Anywhere where new
subdivisions or new towns are being proposed can become Pedestrian Villages.
It is also quite likely that local planning and zoning boards will be
favorable to this attractive and sustainable form of development. A change
in zoning to Pedestrian Village (PV) zoning across the country will be
sought so that this form of development becomes the preferred method,
instead of the current zoning and street patterns that perpetuate sprawl.
Landowning interests desiring to have a new neighborhood or town designed
using the Pedestrian Village model may contact me at (386) 956-1554 or
through PedestrianVillages.com. |